Born in the city of Voronezh. Studied the oboe in the Voronezh Music School (under U. A. Gritsey). Graduated from the Gnesin Russian Academy of Music (under professor I. F. Pushechnikov).
In 1989 he was admitted to the National Academic Bolshoi Theater, and from 1991 on he has been a soloist for the orchestra. He holds the first prize for the 1991 All-Soyuz competition of wind-wood performers. He has taken part in many plays put on by the theater.
He has recoded several discs, including: «Tradition» (1995) with the NABT chamber orchestra, «Unique Baroque Musique» (2000) with the orchestra «Musica Viva», «Theme with Variations» (2004) with the orchestra «Orfarion». Many of these recordings have been played on Radio Orpheus.
Distinguished Artist of Russia (2006).
Sergey Lysenko has authored several musical compositions, which were performed to acclaim in the concert halls of Moscow and were played on Radio Russia.